The plant list includes a further 822 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus ficus. Ficus indigo has dark, thick leaves that grow under extremely low light levels. The ficus genus of plants includes more than 800 species of trees, shrubs and vines, including weeping fig ficus benjamina, which grows outdoors in u. Ficus, the fig genus, consists of over 800 species and is one of about 40 genera of the mulberryfamily. Although only a few are seen in cultivation, there are hundreds of species of ficus. The genus ficus is made up of about 1,000 species from pantropical and subtropical origins wagner et al. It grows in coastal and inland forests up to 1500m, from the vicinity of mossel bay in the southern cape to southern mozambique the forms growing on coastal dunes in the northern part of its range are salt tolerant and form low thickets on the margins of woodland. Regular pruning prevents this and promotes good branching. Traditional classification of ficus based on morphology and preliminary taxonomic implications of the present study. Flora malesiana precursor for the treatment of moraceaea 1. Signs that a ficus plant is too dry home guides sf gate. Two ficus species growing on the seashore sustained less speciose insect.
Ficus bonsai should be given as much light as possible to encourage strong growth. Aerial roots descend from the branches, touch the ground and take root, eventually forming numerous sturdy trunks which. Ficus is one of the largest genus among angiosperms. Emphasis is on botanical names and photos should be tagged accordingly. Moreover, ficus species are versatile sources of bioactive metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, coumarins, triterpenoids, sterols and vitamin e. Many are tall forest trees that are buttressed by great spreading roots. The use of asian ficus species for restoring tropical forest. These are easy to grow houseplants and offer a lot of variety, from low groundcover types to tall trees. A new case of ants nesting within branches of a fig tree. Among the genera of seed plants it ranked as the twentyfirst frodin 2004. Uhctahr ficus plants for hawaii landscapes of34 may 2007. Ficus carica edible fig moraceae forest starr, kim starr, and lloyd loope united states geological surveybiological resources division haleakala field station, maui, hawaii january, 2003 overview there are no ficus species native to hawaii.
There are about 850 species of ficus in this genus, most types are comprised of trees, however some species of figs exhibit shrub, vine, epiphyte, and hemiepiphyte growth types. The importance of ficus moraceae trees for tropical forest restoration. Ficus also called figs are among the most popular indoor plants, and for good reason. They are native throughout the tropics, including asia, america, and africa.
Fig trees have a unique form of fertilization, each species relying on a single, highly specialized species of wasp that is itself totaly dependant upon that fig species in order to breed. Many ficus species are hosts of laccifer lacca kerr, a scale insect that secrets a resinous substance194. Moraceae was first published in systema naturae by carolus linnaeus in 1735. Reconstructing the phylogeny of figs ficus, moraceae to. Being a bonsai and fig lover for years, i just got back into bonsai, i have always loved the hobby, i just had a lot going on in my life and just recently got back into it. We also asked whether individual trait patterns supported species. Pdf ficus displays many problems fundamental to the distribution of tropical plants. This genus is an important genetic resource due to its high economic and nutritional values and also an important part of the biodiversity in the. The ficus genus of ornamental plants is a range of species which are very popular for growing indoors, whether in a house, conservatory, office, or hotel.
The fig species of greatest commercial importance is ficus. The interest of this group is primarily on the diversity of genus ficus, as opposed to varieties and uses of the edible fig. The fig species of greatest commercial importance is ficus carica l. Unlike most ficus trees, this species does not drop leaves. The main subdivisions in the most recent classification by corner12 are presented together with the genera of pollinating fig wasps agaonidae associated with them. Collectively known as fig trees or figs, they are native throughout the tropics with a few species extending into the semiwarm temperate zone. A lovely houseplant, but reputedly tough to train for bonsai due to lack of trunk thickening and back budding. A taxonomic revision of the australian ficus species in.
The common collective name for the ficus genus is fig trees or figs. The ficus genus of plants includes more than 800 woody species found mostly in tropical zones, with a few extending into warmer temperate regions. Insect herbivory and herbivores of ficus species along a rain. The classification of the genusficus has changed considerably in the course of time and is still the subject of further research and discussion. Ficus benghalensis indian banyan tree moraceae forest starr, kim starr, and lloyd loope united states geological surveybiological resources division haleakala field station, maui, hawaii january, 2003 overview f. Some types of ficus trees are also known as fig trees and produce the wellknown fruit.
Ficus fig species have a wide range of distribution and uses in nepal. The plants are native primarily to tropical areas of east asia. We found that ficus trees have more sapling species around them species richness 140. Fruits of some species are edible or used medicinally. Weeping ficus is perhaps the most popular indoor tree. Jan 30, 2011 photos of identified species of the genus ficus the fig genus or of plants you are fairly sure are ficus but need help with identification of the species. A few ficus species have atypical growth habits that can help you to identify them. Ficus species tree list ornamental pdf uk free download as pdf file. Ficus species have one of the most complex pollination systems in which each ficus species needs a specific wasp species in order to pollinate its flowers, set fruits, and spread into.
Ficus species tree list ornamental pdf uk ficus plants scribd. The present study was aimed at investigating the antibacterial activity of flavonoids isolated from the bark of ficus benghalensis. However, there is a limit to the amount of pruning larger species of ficus tolerate. Insects associated with syconia of ficus citrifolia moraceae in. The wasp larvae feed on shortstyled female flowers or, in the male figs of the dioecious species, on specialized gall sterile female flowers. The creeping fig ficus pumila grows as a vine and will quickly cover any and all surfaces up to four stories. The plant list includes 2,746 scientific plant names of species rank for the genus ficus. These serve as decorative plants, food plants, and even religious symbols. Ficus trees drop leaves easily, especially when there is a change in weather conditions. The rest of the species are generally either associated with different ficus oligophagous or with just one species monophagous as for most gall inhabiting species. Pharmaceutical properties of indian species of ficus. Ficus, genus of about 900 species of trees, shrubs, and vines in the family moraceae, many of which are commonly known as figs.
Common fig, edible fig, fig tree bailey and bailey 1976, neal 1965. Hundreds of medicinal plants have been used to cure various diseases since ancient times. Besides standard trees, ficus moniques comes in other shapes, such as bushy or topiary forms. Sep 16, 20 ficus moraceae comprises one of the largest genera of angiosperms with more than 800 species of trees, shrubs, hemiepiphytes, climbers, and creepers in the tropics and subtropics worldwide. Introduction ficus, the fig genus, consists of over 800 species and is one of about 40 genera of the mulberryfamily. Ficus carica is an archeophyte to mediterraneantype countries. The role of functional traits and individual variation in the. We are specialists in guided natural history, bird and wildlife watching travel through india. Ficus species, free radicals, polyphenols, flavanoids, antioxidant property. Other notable species of ficus are ficus religiosa l. Sep 21, 2017 ficus monique is an erect plant with bright, shiny leaves that are crispy and hard at maturity. Ficus benjamina weeping fig page 3 residential planting unless it is used as a hedge or figure 3. This book really explains a lot about figs and the different species of ficus that are most suitable for bonsai. Medicinal plants play a vital role in improving health of people.
Jan 14, 2020 insect herbivory and herbivores of ficus species along a rain. The figs include many broadleaf evergreen and deciduous trees, as well as shrubs and lianas. Ficus carica hawaiian ecosystems at risk project hear. This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below. Pdf the importance of ficus moraceae trees for tropical. Of the 36 ficus species native to nepal, 21 are indigenously used as food, fodder, fuel wood, vegetable, medicine, etc. Ficus religiosa peepal has an important place among herbal plants. Appell december 1, 2000 we encounter glorious specimens in ubiquitous bank and shopping mall plantings, we marvel at lush archetypes on tropical isles whilst on vacation, and we regard forlorn examples in the corners of our doctors office. Keeping them inside yearround, if they are healthy helps to deter leaf dropping, but doesnt always prevent it. Pdf an introduction to the distribution of ficus researchgate. This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above.
Pdf quantitative analysis of total phenolic and total. Pharmacognostic and phytochemical properties of ficus carica. Vegetative propagation of sorne west african species by. Ficus also offer a variety of textures, so theres one for practically everyones personal style. Web authors simon van noort iziko south african museum and jeanyves rasplus inra, france. On some arthropods associated with ficus species core. Ficus species suitable for bonsai the following is a list of commonly used species. Identification keys and field guides to ficus species. This article presents optimal propagation and planting techniques for six asian dioecious ficus species, which will enable their inclusion in forest restoration plantings across the asia. The genus isremarkable for the large variation in the habits of itsspecies1. It comprises of about 800 species distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the. Ficus baola, a new species of ficus subgenus urostigma section malvanthera moraceae from the solomon islands blumea 47. Each volume in this series provides academia, health sciences, and the herbal medicines industry with indepth coverage of the herbal remedies for infectious diseases, certain medical conditions, or the plant.
However, reports of activity in the field of antibacterial flavonoids research are widely conflicting, probably owing to inter and intraassay variation in the susceptibility testing 5. Figs, the genus ficus is a book in the crc press series, traditional herbal medicines for modern times, edited by roland hardman. Pdf on aug 18, 2019, gunung tilu and others published diversity and distribution of figs ficus spp. Results at least 31 ficus species have colonized long island since its eruption. These subdivisions are discussed and grouped according to morphological and. We studied whether functional and phylogenetic diversity of ficus species indicated the effects of spatial variation in filters associated with topography or niche partitioning related to resource use and biotic interactions. On some arthropods associated with ficus species moraceae. Classification and distribution of ficus springerlink. If youve got a large kind, this can become troublesome because it can quickly outgrow its space. Species richness of insect herbivore communities on ficus in papua. Ninetyeight species, three subspecies, 43 varieties, and two forms occur in china.
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